Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā Magnets

ʻOkoʻa nā mea ferromagnetic e like me ka hao, cobalt, nickel a i ʻole ferrite no ka mea hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā wili electron kūloko i loko o kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hana i kahi ʻāpana magnetization spontaneous, i kapa ʻia ka domain.ʻO ka magnetization o nā mea ferromagnetic, ka loko magnetic domain neatly, ke kuhikuhi o ka laina hoʻokahi i luna, i lilo ka ikaika magnetic, i mea magnet.
ʻO nā ʻano mea like ʻole a pau, e like me ka nickel aluminika a me ka cobalt, samarium cobalt, ndfeb, he mau mea maʻamau nō hoʻi kēia, ikaika loa ka magnetic, hiki i kēia mau mea ke magnetization o ke kahua magnetic mau, a ma hope o ka magnetization iā ia iho he magnetic. a mai nalo aku.ʻO ka haku mele ʻana o ka magnet artificial e pili ana i ka hana magnetization o nā metala like ʻole a hoʻoholo ʻia e like me ka pono.Kokoke ka magnet i (hoopa'i) i kekahi mea hookukui i hookomoia i ka pou ku e kokoke ana i kekahi welau a me ka pou o ka inoa hookahi ma kekahi welau.

A. Mākēneki manawa (ʻoluʻolu);
Mea nui: he transient ka magnetism a nalowale ke wehe ʻia ka magnet.Laʻana: nails, wrought iron.
B. Mākēneki mau (paʻakikī);
Mea nui: ma hope o ka magnetization, hiki ke mālama ʻia ka magnetism no ka manawa lōʻihi.Laʻana: kui kila.

Nui nā ʻano o nā magnet, e ʻōlelo wale wau ma aneʻi:
ʻElua mau ʻāpana nui o nā mea magnetic:
ʻO ka mea mua he mau mea magnetic paʻa (ʻike ʻia ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo hard magnetic): ʻo ka mea nona nā ʻano o ka mālama magnetic.
ʻO ka lua, ʻo ia ka magnetism palupalu (ʻo ia hoʻi ka inoa electromagnet): pono i waho o ka electrify hiki ke hana i ka mana magnetic, palahalaha mākou ʻo ia ka mea e ʻōlelo ai, ʻo ia ke kuhikuhi i nā mea magnet mau loa.
Aia ʻelua ʻāpana o nā mea magnetic mau loa:
ʻO ka ʻāpana mua: nā mea hoʻoheheʻe paʻa mau me nā mea hoʻonaninani mau loa (ndfeb Nd2Fe14B), SmCo (samarium cobalt), NdNiCO (neodymium nickel cobalt).
ʻO ka lua o ka ʻāpana ʻo Ferrite mau mea magnetic mau, i māhele ʻia i Sintered Ferrite, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Ferrite Magnet a me ka injection Ferrite e like me nā kaʻina hana like ʻole.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau kaʻina hana ʻekolu i isotropic a me heterotropic magnets e like me ke ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā kristal magnetic.